인프런 커뮤니티 질문&답변

안녕하세요. CIFAR10 데이터를 가지고,  VGG16으로 전이학습을 해보려고 했습니다. 데이터가 충분하다고 생각해서 뒤에서 2개의 block을 trainable=True로 바꾸고, top 부분은 globalaveragePool 이후에 Dense로 Softmax를 적용했는데, 훈련이 아주 이상하게 동작하는데, 이유를 알 수 있을까요?

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, Dense, Flatten, BatchNormalization, Dropout
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from tensorflow.keras.utils import to_categorical, normalize

import numpy as np
import os
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd

%matplotlib inline

(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = tf.keras.datasets.cifar10.load_data()

print(x_train.max(), x_train.min())

x_train = normalize(x_train)
x_test = normalize(x_test)
y_train = to_categorical(y_train)
y_test = to_categorical(y_test)

print(x_train.shape, x_test.shape, y_train.shape, y_test.shape)
print(x_train.max(), x_train.min(), x_test.max(), x_test.min())

train_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(
    rotation_range = 45,
    width_shift_range = 0.2,
    zoom_range = 0.2,
    horizontal_flip = True
)

train_datagen.fit(x_train)

train_generator = train_datagen.flow(
    x_train,
    y_train,
    batch_size = 128)

model_vgg = VGG16(weights='imagenet', include_top=False)

for layer in model_vgg.layers:
  layer.trainable = False

for layer in model_vgg.layers[-8:]:
  layer.trainable = True

inputs = model_vgg.output
x = tf.keras.layers.GlobalAveragePooling2D()(inputs)
x = Dense(256, activation='relu')(x)
x = Dropout(0.3)(x)
x = Dense(128, activation='relu')(x)
x = Dropout(0.3)(x)
x = Dense(10, activation='softmax')(x)

new_model = tf.keras.models.Model(model_vgg.input, x)
new_model.summary()

from tensorflow.keras.callbacks import ReduceLROnPlateau, EarlyStopping

rlr_cb = ReduceLROnPlateau(monitor='val_loss', factor=0.3, patience=3, mode='min', verbose=1)
ely_cb = EarlyStopping(monitor='val_loss', patience=5, mode='min', verbose=1)

new_model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy'])

history = new_model.fit_generator(train_generator,
                    steps_per_epoch = 391,
                    epochs = 100,
                    validation_data = (x_test, y_test),
                    #callbacks=[rlr_cb, ely_cb]
                    )